![]() ![]() This lack of certainty endangers people, property and animals who live near rivers and other bodies of water, particularly in fast-draining areas prone to flash flooding and in low-lying areas such as floodplains and coastal areas. However, despite being able to measure the different variables associated with floods, it is currently difficult to retrieve real-time water data that can be used to create future forecasting models, due to topographical factors and infrastructure constructed near cities and settlements. In the case of floods, these variables usually include flow, volume, speed and relative humidity, among others, as these variables can significantly change how specific environments react under increased water discharge. Similarly to most natural disasters, floods possess many variables that can be measured by sensors and electronic devices. This trend is predicted to increase dramatically in the following decades due to climatic change. In the same year, sudden-onset natural hazards, primarily floods, caused more than 600,000 new displacements in Africa. In 2016, floods caused 1200 deaths in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) consider floods as a key hazard for the regions of Africa, the Arab States, the Asia-Pacific, the Americas, and Europe. Between 19, weather-related events like floods accounted for over $500 billion USD in damage in Europe alone. The erosive properties of moving water can rapidly debilitate the foundations of structures like bridges and houses that can then be carried off, adding to fatalities and causing billions of dollars’ worth of damage. In the U.S., for example, flash floods kill more than 140 persons per year. In 2017, Lamichhane and Sharma state that floods take the lives of more people than many other natural disasters, due to their frequent occurrence and rather unpredictable nature. All of these features are presented along with graphical evidence of the deployment of the different devices and of several cellular communication and on-site data acquisition tests. From this, data can be accessed and displayed through different customizable queries and graphical representations, allowing future use in flood analysis and prediction systems. The developed architecture uses the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, along with encryption and security mechanisms, to send real-time data packages from fixed nodes to a server that stores retrieved data in a non-relational database. Both fixed position and moving drifter node systems are described along with web-based data acquisition platform developments integrated with IoT techniques to retrieve data through 3G cellular networks. This article outlines the hardware development of an IoT system (RiverCore) and defines an application scenario in a specific hydrological region of the state of Colima (Mexico), highlighting the characteristics of data acquisition and data processing used. However, implementing Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor river behavior may help mitigate or prevent future disasters. Our only deadline was to be in Ulaan Bator by September 1, so that I could catch my flight home for my sister's wedding.Flooding is one of the most frequent and costly natural disasters affecting mankind. Initially this was not a problem, as we were in no great rush. Every day it had a new suspension problem or flat tyre, menacing new rattle or clunking noise.Įven when the ambulance was finally moving, the bus set an erratic pace, the driver stopping to buy apples or chat to locals just when we felt momentum was building. The ambulance was simply not designed for thousands of kilometres of pot-holed roads. ![]() The frustrating downside was that, like all amusement park roller coasters, we spent most of our time waiting for it to get started. The first night on the convoy roller coaster we camped on a spectacular Kazakh steppe, playing frisbee as the sun set and dancing around a campfire as the moon rose. For example, we now had Russian speakers, detailed maps in the Cyrillic alphabet and a golf club to hit stolen driving range balls at spectacular scenery.
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